1. What is Electric Field Intensity?

Electric field intensity (E) is a vector quantity that represents the electric force per unit charge experienced by a small test charge placed in the field. For static charges, it's time-independent and follows Coulomb's law.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the electric field equation:

Where:

• \( E \) — Electric field intensity (N/C)
• \( k \) — Coulomb's constant (8.988×10⁹ N·m²/C²)
• \( Q \) — Source charge (C)
• \( r \) — Distance from charge (m)

Explanation: The equation shows that electric field strength decreases with the square of distance from the point charge.

3. Importance of Electric Field Calculation

Details: Calculating electric fields is fundamental in electromagnetism, helping design electrical systems, understand particle behavior, and analyze electromagnetic phenomena.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter charge in Coulombs, distance in meters, and optionally time in seconds. All values must be positive (distance > 0).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Is the electric field really time-independent?
A: For static charges, yes. For moving charges or changing fields, additional terms are needed to account for time dependence.

Q2: What's the direction of the electric field?
A: The calculator gives magnitude only. For a positive charge, field points radially outward; for negative, inward.

Q3: Can I use this for multiple charges?
A: This calculates field from a single point charge. For multiple charges, you'd need vector summation of individual fields.

Q4: What are typical electric field values?
A: Near small charged objects: 10³-10⁶ N/C; Atmospheric: ~100 N/C; Inside neurons: ~10⁷ N/C.

Q5: How does time factor into this?
A: For this static case, time doesn't affect the field. Time parameter is included for potential future dynamic field calculations.