1. What is Power Factor?

Power Factor (PF) is the ratio of real power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in volt-amperes). It measures how effectively electrical power is being used, with values ranging from 0 to 1.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Power Factor formula:

Where:

• Real Power — Actual power consumed (watts)
• Apparent Power — Product of voltage and current (VA)

Explanation: A higher power factor indicates more efficient power usage, while a lower power factor indicates poor utilization of electrical power.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor is crucial in electrical systems as it affects efficiency, energy costs, and equipment capacity. Utilities often charge penalties for low power factor.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter real power in watts and apparent power in volt-amperes (VA). Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor value?
A: Ideally 1.0 (perfect). Most systems aim for 0.95 or higher. Below 0.85 is generally considered poor.

Q2: What causes low power factor?
A: Inductive loads like motors, transformers, and fluorescent lighting that cause phase difference between voltage and current.

Q3: How can power factor be improved?
A: By adding power factor correction capacitors that offset the inductive reactance.

Q4: What's the difference between leading and lagging power factor?
A: Lagging (common) means current lags voltage (inductive loads). Leading means current leads voltage (capacitive loads).

Q5: Does power factor affect energy bills?
A: Yes, many utilities charge extra for low power factor as it increases current flow and system losses.