1. What is Hydrogen Ion Concentration?

The hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]) is a measure of the acidity of a solution. It is inversely related to pH, which is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the following equation:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (M)
• \( pH \) — The pH value of the solution (0-14 scale)

Explanation: The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value.

3. Importance of pH and [H+]

Details: Hydrogen ion concentration is crucial in chemistry, biology, medicine, and environmental science. It affects chemical reactions, enzyme function, and many biological processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter a pH value between 0 (very acidic) and 14 (very basic). The calculator will display the corresponding hydrogen ion concentration in both scientific notation and decimal form.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the [H+] of pure water?
A: Pure water at 25°C has a pH of 7.0, so [H+] = 10⁻⁷ = 0.0000001 M.

Q2: How does temperature affect pH and [H+]?
A: The pH of pure water changes with temperature as the ionization constant of water changes. However, the calculator assumes standard conditions (25°C).

Q3: What's the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. You can calculate [OH-] similarly using pOH.

Q4: Why use scientific notation for [H+]?
A: Hydrogen ion concentrations can be very small numbers, so scientific notation makes them easier to read and compare.

Q5: Can this calculator be used for strong acids?
A: Yes, but for strong acids that completely dissociate, the [H+] equals the acid concentration at pH values below about 6.