1. What is a Monohybrid Cross?

A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits. It demonstrates Mendel's principle of segregation and helps predict the distribution of genotypes and phenotypes in offspring.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Punnett square principles to determine possible offspring combinations:

Where:

• AA — Homozygous Dominant
• Aa — Heterozygous
• aa — Homozygous Recessive

Explanation: The calculator determines all possible gamete combinations from parent genotypes and calculates the probability of each offspring genotype.

3. Importance of Monohybrid Crosses

Details: Monohybrid crosses are fundamental in genetics for understanding inheritance patterns, predicting traits in offspring, and studying dominant/recessive relationships.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Select the genotypes for both parents. The calculator will show the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios in their offspring.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between genotype and phenotype?
A: Genotype is the genetic makeup (e.g., AA, Aa, aa), while phenotype is the physical expression of traits (e.g., dominant or recessive trait).

Q2: Why is the ratio 3:1 for heterozygous crosses?
A: In Aa × Aa crosses, 3/4 offspring show the dominant phenotype (AA or Aa) and 1/4 show recessive (aa).

Q3: What is Mendel's law of segregation?
A: Allele pairs separate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization.

Q4: Can this calculator be used for incomplete dominance?
A: No, this assumes complete dominance. Incomplete dominance (e.g., pink flowers from red and white parents) shows different ratios.

Q5: How accurate are these predictions?
A: These are theoretical probabilities. Actual offspring ratios may vary due to random chance, especially with small sample sizes.